Abstract: In the first part of the Introduction the author explains why he accepted with great delight and appreciation an invitation extended by Modern China Study to act as guest editor of this special issue. The Introduction then argues why this special issue singles out the current land system and the Hukou system （the rigid Household Registration System）as the two roots of the three agrarian issues after briefly summarizing the seven papers that are included in this issue. The author then made detailed comments on some of the papers, especially the ones by J. Cai,T. Cheng,and G. Guo, before devoting the last part of the introduction to discuss the key issue of how to keep a coordinated and balanced growth between rural and urban areas. The author uses the East Asian Model to demonstrate that China’s glaring rural-urban income disparity is a result of the long delay in reforming China’s land system and Hukou system. The author further argues that unless China thoroughly and swiftly reforms its land system by allowing the privatization of land ownership, and its Hukou system by allowing free rural-urban migration and settlement, the already conspicuous rural-urban income disparity will continue to get worsened, and China will continue to drift away from the path of shared growth represented by the East Asian Model toward the path of growth without sharing represented by the notorious Latin American Model.