Abstract: There was a deep relationship between historian Gu Jiegang’s comment on the Chinese nation during the Second Sino-Japanese War and the history of the Mengjiang Puppet Regime, as well as the pre-war Inner Mongolia Autonomy Movement. Gu Jiegang’s pre-war attitude toward the agricultural exploitation of Inner Mongolia only took the Hans’ standpoint. Even without the instigation of foreign colonizers, the autonomy movement would have still broken out under the despotism of native rulers.