Abstract: The first full Chinese translation of Aesop's Fables, "Yishi Yuyan" (1840), by the cooperation of Robert Thom and his Chinese teacher, was the most important and influential version in 19th century China. Adaptations and re-translations of Chinese Aesop's Fables into either English or Chinese have symbolized the circulation and reproduction of world literature in modern China. The success of Yishi Yuyan lies in not only its localization in the Chinese context, but also in its being a textbook comprising of five languages. Its Chinese version later was re-translated into English that further reveals the nuance caused by translation. When Chen Chunsheng saw the popularity of Lin Shu's Chinese translation of Aesop's Fables (1903), he wrote "Dongfang Yishuo" (Oriental Aesop) in 1906 following Lin’s style. The content of the book is derived from ancient Chinese texts. The re-translation and adaptation of the Chinese Aesop's Fable can highlight the tenacious vitality of this book in modern China and East Asia.