Abstract: China’s National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development pointed out that all the more than 50 million rural poverty under China's current poverty line will be lifted out of poverty by 2020. Health poverty alleviation plays an important role in population development and anti-poverty in poverty-stricken areas. Based on the special survey data of 2017-2018, this paper analyzes the health status, multi-dimensional poverty and the implementation of health poverty alleviation policies in Shaanxi, Gansu and Xinjiang. The results show that multidimensional poverty generally exist in rural households in the three provinces. Health statuses of the poverty-stricken households were poor, and the incidence of multidimensional poverty is high. The health infrastructure in Xinjiang is the worst. China's health poverty alleviation project has taken effect, but the multi-dimensional of poverty brings new challenges to health poverty alleviation.